{"id":11360,"date":"2023-09-05T10:02:35","date_gmt":"2023-09-05T17:02:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qad.com\/blog\/?p=11360"},"modified":"2023-09-05T10:03:26","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T17:03:26","slug":"import-management-101-commodity-codes-explained","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qad.com\/blog\/2023\/09\/import-management-101-commodity-codes-explained","title":{"rendered":"Import Management 101: Commodity Codes Explained"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11361&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221;][vc_column_text]<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nearly every product possesses a six-digit code, which serves to inform customs authorities about the nature of the item.\u00a0 This six-digit descriptor comes from the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System \u2014 or Harmonized System (HS), for short. The HS is an internationally recognized tariff nomenclature system developed and maintained by the World Customs Organization (WCO).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">HS codes are known as subheadings. More than 200 countries around the world use the HS. In addition, HS subheadings cover around 98 percent of international merchandise trade.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If importers and exporters use the <\/span><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qad.com\/blog\/2022\/11\/import-management-the-importance-of-correct-classification\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">HS correctly<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, then the first six digits of the HS of any particular item will be the same in all countries that are WCO members.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In addition to the 6-digit HS subheading, a country can add further numbers for more granular tracking of imports and exports to suit its reporting and tariff needs. For example, TARIC, the integrated Tariff of the European Union, and the US\u2019s Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTS) both use a 10-digit system.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As a result, a vital step for import management and meeting your <\/span><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qad.com\/solutions\/global-trade\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">global trade compliance<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> objectives is to apply the correct commodity code to your goods. Customs authorities around the world use commodity codes to:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Determine what products are being imported into a particular country<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Decide if these goods are eligible for entry<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Calculate the amount of duties, if any apply<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Get the classification wrong, and a world of headaches await, including disrupted supply chains, delayed shipments and fines.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Long Arm of Authorities<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Different customs authorities have, unsurprisingly, different oversight procedures for importers. In the US, for example, Customs and Border Protection (CBP) could issue an importer with a CBP Form 28. This is a \u201cRequest for Information\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After this, CBP may issue Form 29 \u2014 a\u00a0 \u201cNotice of Action\u201d for an importer alleged to have committed a violation, such as an incorrect goods classification. CBP may also issue a Pre-Penalty Notice. This notice may allege that the importer has committed a violation, such as\u00a0 gross negligence or fraud. Along with the Pre-Penalty Notice, you may receive a demand to pay penalties and additional duties.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When the CBP issues these forms, it may decide to charge the importer with a fraud penalty in <\/span><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/app\/details\/USCODE-2010-title19\/USCODE-2010-title19-chap4-subtitleIII-partV-sec1592\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">violation of 19 U.S.C. 1592<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0 The penalties can be steep. Authorities can fine importers up to the total invoiced value of all the affected shipments.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If, for example, a shipment of car seats was incorrectly declared to CBP, and that shipment was worth $125,000, the fine would be $125,000. Now imagine if this company had a history of incorrectly declaring their imports of car seats in the same manner going back five years. The monetary penalties can quickly stack up. Customs authorities in the US can also collect these penalties from officers, board members and shareholders of the company \u2014 even if the company is no longer operating.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fraud vs Negligence<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Import fraud can take a number of forms, but the vast majority of penalties are imposed because of violations in the following three areas:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Improper classification, particularly to avoid duties or get around admissibility criteria<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Inaccurate valuation, by greatly undervaluing the goods to avoid paying taxes and duties<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Incorrectly stating the country of origin in order to qualify goods under a free trade agreement for which these goods do not qualify\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is possible to underestimate the value of goods, or incorrectly state the country of origin by accident rather than design. One thing is certain &#8211;\u00a0 humans make mistakes! And an incorrect commodity code is even more open to human error.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If your organization is found in violation and required to pay penalties, customs authorities will keep a close eye on you moving forward.\u00a0 Your company is likely to be subject to more frequent inspections. In addition, you may face longer processing times getting your shipments through customs.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Compliance is Not Optional<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Correct classification is a legal responsibility. Having said that, classification is no easy task. Choosing the correct commodity code depends on a number of factors, including:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A full and complete description of the goods<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">All of the component materials used to manufacture the good<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The principal use of the goods\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is not uncommon for importers to be unsure of the correct classification. For example, a pen made from mahogany and gold. Is the pen a gold pen, or a mahogany pen? What if it comes as part of a set with a pencil, note paper and ink?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In order to determine the correct commodity code, the importer must go through the General Rules of Interpretation (GRI). The GRI is the set of rules that govern the interpretation of the 6-digit HS. The GRI includes rules for \u2018sets\u2019 and \u2018essential character\u2019 to help importers select the correct commodity code.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Simplifying Classification<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is possible to simplify classification by using <\/span><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qad.com\/solutions\/import-management\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">import management<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> software. A comprehensive solution will help you determine the correct classification by documenting an imported good\u2019s key attributes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Equally important functionality is a \u201cGRI Wizard.\u201d This guides you through the complex GRI, to ensure the accurate selection of the commodity code.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The resulting codes can be automatically saved to a product classification database. All details, notes, and documents should be archived.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the event that you experience a customs audit, these records demonstrate to the authorities that you have best-in-class processes and meet the expectation of \u201creasonable care\u201d when classifying your goods.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_single_image image=&#8221;11361&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221;][vc_column_text]Nearly every product possesses a six-digit code, which serves to inform customs authorities about the nature of the item.\u00a0 This six-digit descriptor comes from the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System \u2014 or Harmonized System (HS), for short. The HS is an internationally recognized tariff nomenclature system developed and maintained by the World [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":64,"featured_media":11361,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[182,2045],"tags":[2578,796,2766,2765,1430,2761,2764,2763,2767,2762],"class_list":["post-11360","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-featured","category-supply-chain-trends","tag-classification","tag-customs","tag-customs-and-border-protection","tag-export-tracking","tag-global-trade-compliance","tag-harmonized-system","tag-import-tracking","tag-importers","tag-taric","tag-world-customer-organization"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Import Management 101: Commodity Codes Explained | QAD Blog<\/title>\n<meta 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